Basilica of St. Antoninus in Piacenza, Italy

Early History and Foundation

The first sacred structure dedicated to Saint Antoninus in Piacenza was commissioned by Saint Victor, the city’s first bishop, and was constructed between 350 and 375. Situated outside the city walls in a secluded area, this early church stood in the location where the transept of the future basilica would be built. In the 15th century, Bishop Savino of Piacenza oversaw the translation of Saint Antoninus’ relics from a Roman-era underground tomb beneath the Church of Santa Maria in Cortina, located just a short distance from the basilica. Initially serving as the cathedral of Piacenza, the church lost this role in 850 when the cathedral was relocated inside the city walls. However, its importance persisted, and in 870, Bishop Paolo ordered the church’s reconstruction, which included adding two lateral arms arranged in a cross and a square-shaped lantern at their intersection.

Reconstruction and Key Events

The church faced significant challenges due to its position outside the city walls, suffering damage during the Hungarian invasions of the 10th century. In response, Bishop Sigifredo of Piacenza initiated a new reconstruction in 1014, during which the church’s original layout was radically altered. The tower was raised, and the transepts above the central body were expanded. The church was also redesigned with three naves and apses on the east side, while frescoes adorned the interior. Between 1171 and 1172, the church saw the creation of the Portal of Paradise, which featured carvings of Adam and Eve. In 1183, the church became a significant historical venue when Emperor Frederick Barbarossa met with the delegates of the Lombard League to sign the preliminaries of the Peace of Constance.

Further Expansions and Restorations

In the following centuries, the basilica underwent several modifications. In 1350, the left transept was extended, and the portico of Paradise was built in front of the northern portal. The cloister was added in 1483, though one side was later destroyed, and the original wooden ceiling was replaced by Gothic vaults in 1495. By 1562, the choir was expanded after the demolition of the main apse, following directives from the Council of Trent. The 17th century saw the addition of Baroque elements, including new chapels and a Baroque portal. Significant restoration work was undertaken between 1853 and 1856, which included the installation of neo-Gothic decorations. Further restoration efforts between 1925 and 1930, led by architect Giulio Ulisse Arata, sought to restore the basilica’s original appearance by removing Baroque additions and demolishing later chapels.