Basilica of Saint Euphemia in Grado, Italy

Exterior and Architectural Design

The Patriarchal Basilica of Sant’Eufemia stands as a remarkable example of early Christian architecture, constructed primarily from exposed brick and sandstone. The basilica’s exterior has undergone several modifications over the centuries, particularly during the 17th and 19th centuries. These changes were largely reversed in the mid-20th century when significant restoration efforts took place to preserve the original structure. The basilica’s façade, facing the Piazza del Patriarcato, is divided into salients and pilaster strips, contributing to the symmetrical, formal appearance of the building. It features three prominent windows beneath which traces of the ancient narthex remain visible, although the narthex itself has since disappeared. The bell tower, attached to the right side of the basilica, adds to the grandeur of the structure. This Venetian-style tower, completed in the 15th century, is topped with a spire, enhancing the basilica’s visual appeal. The bell tower’s distinct design ties the structure to Venice’s architectural influences.

Interior Highlights

The interior of the basilica is vast and illuminated by natural light, with its layout consisting of three naves separated by polychrome marble columns. Many of these columns, along with their capitals, are remnants of the Roman era, contributing an ancient charm to the building. These columns support the arches that span the interior, leading to a trussed roof above. The ample windows along the perimeter walls allow sunlight to flood the space, enhancing the feeling of openness and serenity within the basilica.

One of the most striking features of the basilica is the floor mosaic, which dates back to the end of the 6th century. This intricate mosaic spans a significant area of the basilica’s floor, depicting biblical scenes and Christian symbols. On the left side of the central nave, visitors can find a tall hexagonal pulpit, an example of Moorish architecture that includes sculptural details from the 13th century. The pulpit serves as both a functional piece and a work of art, offering a glimpse into the stylistic evolution of the church.

In the presbytery, which is adorned with 15th-century frescoes, the golden altarpiece stands out as a major artistic and historical treasure. This altarpiece, donated by Venetian nobleman Donato Mazzalorsa in 1372, is a masterpiece of embossed and chiselled silver. It features religious scenes in three distinct registers: the Annunciation, images of Christ and the Evangelists, and a depiction of Christ on the throne with Saint Mark celebrating mass. This altarpiece is an important reminder of the basilica’s deep connections to Venice and its artistic traditions. Another important feature is the Madonna degli Angeli statue, which is venerated during the annual Perdon di Barbana festival, where it is carried in procession through the lagoon to the Sanctuary of Barbana.